The major functions of a LAN
are the cables and the associated hardware to both control the flow of data and
ensure that the data arrives without errors. A LAN is a means of sharing data
and allowing many devices to exist without conflict. The Ethernet standard was
developed in the 1970's and contains many standards and protocols to ensure
proper operation. The cables used are often called unshielded twisted pair.
Wires are twisted so the "send" pin from one end of the cable go to
the "recieve" pin at the other end. There are three operating speeds
of the Ethernet standard. 10 Base T can operate at 10Mbps. That's ten million
bits per second. 100 Base T can operate at 100Mbps and 1000Base T can operate
at 1000Mbps. Each of these three standards can run at Half or Full Duplex. Half
duplex means that data can only be sent one direction at a time. Full duplex
means data can be sent both directions at the same time. For a standard
Category 5 cable, the maximum recommended length is 100 meters, without the
usage of a repeater. Ethernet is the basis for nearly all computer
communication standards throughout the world. Devices like bridges, hubs, and
routers allow different networks on different domains to communicate
effectively.
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